Vue.js: أساسيات المكونات

<!-- ❌ The "Broken" Version: Copy Product Card 30 times -->
<!-- In HomeView.vue -->
<div class="product-card">
  <img src="iphone.jpg">
  <h3>iPhone 15 Pro</h3>
  <p>$999</p>
  <button>Add to Cart</button>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
  <img src="macbook.jpg">
  <h3>MacBook Pro</h3>
  <p>$2499</p>
  <button>Add to Cart</button>
</div>
<!-- ... And also 28 more ... -->

<!-- The same code appears again in ProductList.vue, SearchResults.vue, Cart.vue -->

<!-- components/ProductCard.vue - 1 Component Definitions -->
<template>
  <div class="product-card">
    <img :src="product.image">
    <h3>{{ product.name }}</h3>
    <p>${{ product.price }}</p>
    <button :disabled="product.stock === 0" @click="addToCart">
      {{ product.stock === 0 ? 'Out of Stock' : 'Add to Bag' }}
    </button>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
const props = defineProps({ product: Object })
const emit = defineEmits(['add-to-cart'])

function addToCart() {
  emit('add-to-cart', props.product.id)
}
</script>

<!-- HomeView.vue / ProductList.vue / SearchResults.vue -->
<template>
  <ProductCard v-for="product in products" :key="product.id" :product="product" @add-to-cart="handleAdd" />
</template>

<!-- ProductCard.vue - SFC Single-File Components -->
<template>
  <!-- 1. template:HTML Template(Required) -->
  <div class="product-card">
    <h3>{{ product.name }}</h3>
    <p>${{ product.price }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
// 2. script:JS Logic(Required)
import { ref } from 'vue'

const props = defineProps({ product: Object })
const count = ref(0)
</script>

<style scoped>
/* 3. style:CSS Style(Optional) */
.product-card {
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1rem;
}
</style>

// ❌ No need SFC(String Templates,Vue 2 Style)
Vue.component('my-component', {
  template: '<div>{{ msg }}</div>',
  data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } }
})

// ✅ Use SFC (Recommended)
// MyComponent.vue
<template>
  <div>{{ msg }}</div>
</template>
<script setup>
const msg = 'Hello'
</script>

// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import ProductCard from './components/ProductCard.vue'

const app = createApp(App)

// Global Registration:All components are available <ProductCard />
app.component('ProductCard', ProductCard)

app.mount('#app')

<!-- HomeView.vue -->
<script setup>
// 1. Import
import ProductCard from '@/components/ProductCard.vue'

// 2. Use in a template(No registration required,Automatically Available)
</script>

<template>
  <ProductCard :product="product" />
</template>

<template>
  <!-- PascalCase(Recommendations,IDE Friendly) -->
  <ProductCard />
  <UserProfile />
  
  <!-- kebab-case(Also supported) -->
  <product-card />
  <user-profile />
  
  <!-- ✅ Either one works.,PascalCase Easier to read -->
</template>

src/
├-- components/          # Public Components(For use across pages)
│   ├-- ProductCard.vue
│   ├-- Button.vue
│   └-- Header.vue
├-- views/               # Page Components(For routing)
│   ├-- HomeView.vue
│   ├-- ProductListView.vue
│   └-- DashboardView.vue
├-- composables/         # Composite Functions
│   ├-- useAuth.ts
│   └-- useFetch.ts
├-- router/              # Router Configuration
└-- App.vue              # Root Component

<!-- Parent Component Parent.vue -->
<template>
  <ProductCard :product="myProduct" :show-stock="true" />
</template>

<!-- Child component ProductCard.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <h3>{{ product.name }}</h3>
    <p v-if="showStock">Stock: {{ product.stock }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
// Receive the data passed from the parent component props
const props = defineProps({
  product: { type: Object, required: true },
  showStock: { type: Boolean, default: false }
})
</script>

<!-- Child component ProductCard.vue -->
<template>
  <button @click="handleAdd">Add to Cart</button>
</template>

<script setup>
const emit = defineEmits(['add-to-cart'])

function handleAdd() {
  emit('add-to-cart', { id: 1, name: 'iPhone' })
}
</script>

<!-- Parent Component Parent.vue -->
<template>
  <ProductCard @add-to-cart="handleAddToCart" />
</template>

<script setup>
function handleAddToCart(product) {
  console.log('Add to cart:', product)
}
</script>

<!-- src/components/ProductCard.vue -->
<template>
  <div :class="['product-card', { 'out-of-stock': product.stock === 0 }]">
    <img :src="product.image" :alt="product.name">
    <h3>{{ product.name }}</h3>
    <p class="price">${{ product.price }}</p>
    <span class="stock" v-if="product.stock < 10 && product.stock > 0">
      Only {{ product.stock }} left
    </span>
    <button 
      :disabled="product.stock === 0" 
      @click="handleAddToCart"
    >
      {{ product.stock === 0 ? 'Out of Stock' : 'Add to Cart' }}
    </button>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
const props = defineProps({
  product: { 
    type: Object, 
    required: true,
    validator: (val) => val.id && val.name && val.price
  }
})

const emit = defineEmits(['add-to-cart'])

function handleAddToCart() {
  if (props.product.stock > 0) {
    emit('add-to-cart', props.product.id)
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.product-card {
  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 1rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.product-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
.out-of-stock {
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.price {
  color: #42b883;
  font-weight: bold;
}
button:disabled {
  background: #ccc;
  cursor: not-allowed;
}
</style>

<!-- src/views/HomeView.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>Featured Products</h1>
  <div class="grid">
    <ProductCard 
      v-for="product in featured" 
      :key="product.id" 
      :product="product"
      @add-to-cart="handleAdd"
    />
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import ProductCard from '@/components/ProductCard.vue'
import { useCart } from '@/composables/useCart'

const featured = ref([
  { id: 1, name: 'iPhone 15 Pro', price: 999, stock: 50, image: 'iphone.jpg' },
  { id: 2, name: 'MacBook Pro', price: 2499, stock: 20, image: 'macbook.jpg' }
])

const { addToCart } = useCart()
function handleAdd(productId) {
  addToCart(productId)
}
</script>

<!-- src/views/ProductListView.vue -->
<template>
  <ProductCard 
    v-for="product in products" 
    :key="product.id" 
    :product="product"
    @add-to-cart="handleAdd"
  />
</template>

<script setup>
import ProductCard from '@/components/ProductCard.vue'
// ... Exactly the same citation,Reusable Components
</script>

// ❌ main.js Global Registration(Not recommended)
import ProductCard from './components/ProductCard.vue'
app.component('ProductCard', ProductCard)  // The entire app is available

// ✅ HomeView.vue Local Registration(Recommendations)
<script setup>
import ProductCard from '@/components/ProductCard.vue'
// Only at HomeView.vue Available in China
</script>

<script setup>
defineProps({
  // Basic Types
  name: String,
  age: Number,
  active: Boolean,
  
  // Complex Types
  user: Object,
  items: Array,
  
  // Required + Default value
  title: { type: String, required: true },
  pageSize: { type: Number, default: 20 },
  
  // Validator
  email: { 
    type: String, 
    validator: (val) => val.includes('@') 
  },
  
  // Custom Types
  status: { 
    type: String, 
    validator: (val) => ['active', 'inactive'].includes(val) 
  }
})
</script>