Node.js: 部署与优化

npm install -g pm2

pm2 start app.js --name "my-api"
pm2 restart my-api
pm2 stop my-api
pm2 delete my-api
pm2 logs my-api
pm2 monit

pm2 start app.js --name "charlie-api" -i max
pm2 monit
pm2 save
pm2 startup

┌─────┬──────────────┬─────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐
│ id  │ name         │ mode        │ ↺       │ status  │ cpu      │
├─────┼──────────────┼─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤
│ 0   │ charlie-api  │ cluster     │ 15      │ online  │ 12%      │
│ 1   │ charlie-api  │ cluster     │ 2       │ online  │ 8%       │
│ 2   │ charlie-api  │ cluster     │ 0       │ online  │ 5%       │
│ 3   │ charlie-api  │ cluster     │ 1       │ online  │ 3%       │
└─────┴──────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘

FROM node:20-alpine

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

COPY . .

EXPOSE 3000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s \
  CMD node healthcheck.js

USER node

CMD ["node", "app.js"]

version: "3.8"

services:
  api:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGO_URI=mongodb://mongo:27017/myapp
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - redis
    restart: always
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "node", "healthcheck.js"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 3

  mongo:
    image: mongo:7
    volumes:
      - mongo-data:/data/db
    restart: always

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    restart: always

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - api
    restart: always

volumes:
  mongo-data:

docker build -t charlie-api:1.0 .
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --env-file .env charlie-api:1.0
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose logs -f api

const dotenv = require('dotenv');

dotenv.config({ path: `.env.${process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development'}` });

const config = {
  port: parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000,
  mongoUri: process.env.MONGO_URI,
  jwtSecret: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
  redisUrl: process.env.REDIS_URL,
  logLevel: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
};

module.exports = config;

.env                # 默认配置（不提交 Git）
.env.development    # 开发环境
.env.test           # 测试环境
.env.production     # 生产环境（通过 CI/CD 注入，不存代码仓库）

const path = require('path');
const dotenv = require('dotenv');

const env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';

const envFile = path.resolve(process.cwd(), `.env.${env}`);
dotenv.config({ path: envFile });

if (env === 'development') {
  dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(process.cwd(), '.env') });
}

const required = ['MONGO_URI', 'JWT_SECRET'];
const missing = required.filter(key => !process.env[key]);

if (missing.length) {
  throw new Error(`Missing required env vars: ${missing.join(', ')}`);
}

module.exports = {
  env,
  port: parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000,
  mongoUri: process.env.MONGO_URI,
  jwtSecret: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
  redisUrl: process.env.REDIS_URL,
  logLevel: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
};

const cluster = require('cluster');
const os = require('os');
const http = require('http');

if (cluster.isPrimary) {
  const numCPUs = os.cpus().length;
  console.log(`Master ${process.pid} is running`);
  console.log(`Forking ${numCPUs} workers...`);

  for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) {
    cluster.fork();
  }

  cluster.on('exit', (worker, code, signal) => {
    console.log(`Worker ${worker.process.pid} died. Restarting...`);
    cluster.fork();
  });
} else {
  http.createServer((req, res) => {
    res.writeHead(200);
    res.end(`Handled by worker ${process.pid}\n`);
  }).listen(3000);

  console.log(`Worker ${process.pid} started`);
}

pm2 start app.js -i max
pm2 start app.js -i 4

node single.js &
ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://localhost:3000/

Single process:
  Requests per second:    3254.21 [#/sec]

Cluster (4 workers):
  Requests per second:    11280.67 [#/sec]

app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  console.time('fetch-users');
  const users = await User.find().lean();
  console.timeEnd('fetch-users');
  res.json(users);
});

const { performance, PerformanceObserver } = require('perf_hooks');

const obs = new PerformanceObserver((list) => {
  const entries = list.getEntries();
  entries.forEach((entry) => {
    console.log(`${entry.name}: ${entry.duration.toFixed(2)}ms`);
  });
});
obs.observe({ type: 'measure', buffered: true });

function measureAsync(label, fn) {
  return async (...args) => {
    performance.mark(`${label}-start`);
    const result = await fn(...args);
    performance.mark(`${label}-end`);
    performance.measure(label, `${label}-start`, `${label}-end`);
    return result;
  };
}

const fastQuery = measureAsync('db-query', async () => {
  return await User.find().lean();
});

npm install -g clinic
clinic doctor -- node app.js
clinic flame -- node app.js
clinic bubbleprof -- node app.js

npm install -g autocannon
autocannon -c 100 -d 10 http://localhost:3000/api/health

┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬───────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬───────┐
│ Stat    │ 2.5% │ 50%  │ 97.5% │ 99%  │ Avg   │ Stdev │ Max   │
├─────────┼──────┼──────┼───────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼───────┤
│ Latency │ 2 ms │ 4 ms │ 12 ms │ 18ms │ 5 ms  │ 3 ms  │ 45 ms │
└─────────┴──────┴──────┴───────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴───────┘

Requests/sec: 18523.6

app.get('/health', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'ok', timestamp: new Date().toISOString() });
});

app.get('/health', async (req, res) => {
  const checks = {
    server: 'ok',
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
    uptime: process.uptime(),
    memory: process.memoryUsage(),
  };

  try {
    await mongoose.connection.db.admin().ping();
    checks.database = 'ok';
  } catch (err) {
    checks.database = 'error';
  }

  try {
    await redisClient.ping();
    checks.redis = 'ok';
  } catch (err) {
    checks.redis = 'error';
  }

  const isHealthy = checks.database === 'ok' && checks.redis === 'ok';
  res.status(isHealthy ? 200 : 503).json(checks);
});

app.get('/healthz', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'alive' });
});

app.get('/readyz', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    await mongoose.connection.db.admin().ping();
    await redisClient.ping();
    res.json({ status: 'ready' });
  } catch {
    res.status(503).json({ status: 'not ready' });
  }
});

const http = require('http');

const options = {
  hostname: 'localhost',
  port: process.env.PORT || 3000,
  path: '/healthz',
  timeout: 2000,
};

const req = http.request(options, (res) => {
  if (res.statusCode === 200) {
    process.exit(0);
  } else {
    process.exit(1);
  }
});

req.on('error', () => process.exit(1));
req.on('timeout', () => { req.destroy(); process.exit(1); });
req.end();

upstream nodejs_backend {
    least_conn;
    server 127.0.0.1:3000;
    server 127.0.0.1:3001;
    server 127.0.0.1:3002;
    keepalive 64;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name api.example.com;

    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/certs/api.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/certs/api.example.com.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://nodejs_backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
    }

    location /health {
        proxy_pass http://nodejs_backend/health;
        access_log off;
    }

    location /static/ {
        alias /app/public/;
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=30r/s;
    limit_req zone=api burst=50 nodelay;
}

# docker-compose.yml 片段
nginx:
  image: nginx:alpine
  ports:
    - "80:80"
    - "443:443"
  volumes:
    - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    - ./ssl:/etc/ssl/certs:ro
  depends_on:
    api:
      condition: service_healthy
  restart: always

charlie-api/
├── app.js
├── healthcheck.js
├── config/
│   └── index.js
├── ecosystem.config.js
├── Dockerfile
├── docker-compose.yml
├── nginx.conf
├── .env.example
├── .dockerignore
└── package.json

module.exports = {
  apps: [
    {
      name: 'charlie-api',
      script: 'app.js',
      instances: 'max',
      exec_mode: 'cluster',
      autorestart: true,
      watch: false,
      max_memory_restart: '512M',
      env_development: {
        NODE_ENV: 'development',
        PORT: 3000,
      },
      env_production: {
        NODE_ENV: 'production',
        PORT: 3000,
      },
      error_file: './logs/error.log',
      out_file: './logs/out.log',
      merge_logs: true,
      log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss',
      max_restarts: 10,
      restart_delay: 4000,
      kill_timeout: 5000,
      listen_timeout: 10000,
    },
  ],
  deploy: {
    production: {
      user: 'deploy',
      host: 'api.example.com',
      ref: 'origin/main',
      repo: 'git@github.com:charlie/api.git',
      path: '/var/www/charlie-api',
      'pre-deploy-local': '',
      'post-deploy':
        'npm ci && pm2 reload ecosystem.config.js --env production',
      'pre-setup': '',
    },
  },
};

FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build 2>/dev/null || true

FROM node:20-alpine AS production

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production && npm cache clean --force
COPY --from=builder /app ./

RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && adduser -S nodejs -u 1001
USER nodejs

EXPOSE 3000

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=10s --retries=3 \
  CMD node healthcheck.js

CMD ["node", "app.js"]

NODE_ENV=production
PORT=3000
MONGO_URI=mongodb://mongo:27017/charlie-api
REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
JWT_SECRET=your-secret-key-here
LOG_LEVEL=info
CORS_ORIGIN=https://example.com
RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW=60000
RATE_LIMIT_MAX=100

const http = require('http');

const req = http.request(
  {
    hostname: '127.0.0.1',
    port: parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 3000,
    path: '/healthz',
    timeout: 2000,
  },
  (res) => {
    process.exit(res.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1);
  }
);

req.on('error', () => process.exit(1));
req.on('timeout', () => { req.destroy(); process.exit(1); });
req.end();

const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const config = require('./config');

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

app.get('/healthz', (req, res) => {
  res.json({ status: 'alive', pid: process.pid });
});

app.get('/readyz', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    await mongoose.connection.db.admin().ping();
    res.json({ status: 'ready', pid: process.pid, uptime: process.uptime() });
  } catch {
    res.status(503).json({ status: 'not ready', pid: process.pid });
  }
});

app.get('/health', async (req, res) => {
  const checks = {
    status: 'ok',
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
    uptime: process.uptime(),
    memory: process.memoryUsage(),
    pid: process.pid,
  };

  try {
    await mongoose.connection.db.admin().ping();
    checks.database = 'ok';
  } catch {
    checks.database = 'error';
    checks.status = 'degraded';
  }

  const isHealthy = checks.database === 'ok';
  res.status(isHealthy ? 200 : 503).json(checks);
});

app.get('/api/users', async (req, res) => {
  console.time('fetch-users');
  const users = await mongoose.model('User').find().lean();
  console.timeEnd('fetch-users');
  res.json({ success: true, data: users });
});

mongoose.connect(config.mongoUri).then(() => {
  app.listen(config.port, () => {
    console.log(`Server running on port ${config.port} [${config.env}]`);
  });
});

process.on('SIGTERM', () => {
  console.log('SIGTERM received, shutting down gracefully...');
  mongoose.connection.close();
  process.exit(0);
});

process.on('SIGINT', () => {
  console.log('SIGINT received, shutting down gracefully...');
  mongoose.connection.close();
  process.exit(0);
});