Nuxt: 项目开发

最后更新:2026-08-26

设计完成后,Charlie 带领团队开始编码。认证模块先上——没有登录一切免谈。然后是商品模块——百万级商品的 CRUD 与 ISR 缓存。购物车和订单紧跟其后。Alice 测试消费者流程,Bob 验证管理功能,每个模块都经过端到端测试。

1. 你将学到


2. 一个团队的真实故事

(1) 痛点:设计图落不了地

Charlie 有完整的设计文档,但团队不知道先做什么后做什么。Alice 写了商品页面但购物车还没 API,Bob 写了管理后台但认证还没做好。模块之间互相等待,进度卡住。

(2) 按模块渐进开发的解法

按依赖顺序逐模块开发:认证 → 商品 → 购物车 → 订单 → 国际化。每个模块完成后立即测试,不依赖未完成的模块。

(3) 收益:稳步推进

每个模块 3-5 天完成,2 周内核心功能全部上线,Alice 可以跑通完整购物流程。


3. 开发里程碑

(1) 模块开发甘特图

100%
gantt
    title MegaShop Development Milestones
    dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD
    section Auth Module
    JWT + OAuth2 :a1, 2026-01-01, 3d
    Auth Middleware :a2, after a1, 2d
    section Product Module
    CRUD API :p1, after a2, 3d
    Search + Filter :p2, after p1, 2d
    ISR Cache :p3, after p2, 1d
    section Cart Module
    Store + API :c1, after a2, 3d
    Composable :c2, after c1, 1d
    section Order Module
    Prisma Transaction :o1, after c1, 3d
    Stripe Payment :o2, after o1, 2d
    section i18n + Perf
    Three Languages :i1, after p3, 2d
    Image Optimization :i2, after i1, 1d
    Lighthouse Audit :i3, after i2, 1d

4. 认证模块

▶ 示例:JWT 工具 + 注册/登录 API

TYPESCRIPT
// server/utils/jwt.ts
import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'

const config = useRuntimeConfig()

export function signTokenPair(payload: { userId: number; email: string; role: string }) {
  return {
    accessToken: jwt.sign(payload, config.jwtAccessSecret, { expiresIn: '15m' }),
    refreshToken: jwt.sign(payload, config.jwtRefreshSecret, { expiresIn: '7d' })
  }
}

export function setAuthCookies(event: any, tokens: { accessToken: string; refreshToken: string }) {
  setCookie(event, 'access-token', tokens.accessToken, { httpOnly: true, secure: true, sameSite: 'lax', maxAge: 900 })
  setCookie(event, 'refresh-token', tokens.refreshToken, { httpOnly: true, secure: true, sameSite: 'lax', maxAge: 604800 })
}

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功
TYPESCRIPT
// server/api/auth/register.post.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const { email, password, name } = await readBody(event)
  const existing = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { email } })
  if (existing) throw createError({ statusCode: 409, message: 'Email already registered' })

  const hashedPassword = await hashPassword(password)
  const user = await prisma.user.create({
    data: { email, name, password: hashedPassword, role: 'CUSTOMER' }
  })

  const tokens = signTokenPair({ userId: user.id, email: user.email, role: user.role })
  setAuthCookies(event, tokens)

  return { user: { id: user.id, email: user.email, name: user.name, role: user.role } }
})

5. 商品模块

▶ 示例:商品 CRUD API(Prisma + Cache)

TYPESCRIPT
// server/api/products/index.get.ts
export default cachedEventHandler(
  async (event) => {
    const { page = '1', limit = '20', category, search, sort } = getQuery(event)

    const where = {
      AND: [
        category ? { category: { slug: category as string } } : {},
        search ? { OR: [
          { name: { contains: search as string, mode: 'insensitive' } },
          { description: { contains: search as string, mode: 'insensitive' } }
        ]} : {}
      ]
    }

    const orderBy = sort === 'price-asc' ? { price: 'asc' }
      : sort === 'price-desc' ? { price: 'desc' }
      : { createdAt: 'desc' }

    const [items, total] = await Promise.all([
      prisma.product.findMany({
        where, orderBy,
        skip: (Number(page) - 1) * Number(limit),
        take: Number(limit),
        include: { category: { select: { name: true, slug: true } } }
      }),
      prisma.product.count({ where })
    ])

    return { items, total, page: Number(page), limit: Number(limit) }
  },
  { maxAge: 60, swr: true, getKey: (event) => `products:${getRequestURL(event).search}` }
)

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

▶ 示例:商品详情 + SEO

VUE
<!-- pages/products/[id].vue -->
<template>
  <div v-if="product">
    <h1>{{ product.name }}</h1>
    <p>{{ formatFromUSD(product.price) }}</p>
    <button @click="handleAddToCart">{{ t('product.addToCart') }}</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup lang="ts">
const route = useRoute()
const config = useRuntimeConfig()
const { t } = useI18n()
const { formatFromUSD } = useLocalizedPrice()
const { addToCart } = useCart()

const { data: product } = await useFetch(`/api/products/${route.params.id}`)

// Dynamic SEO per product
useSeoMeta({
  title: () => `${product.value?.name} - MegaShop`,
  description: () => `Buy ${product.value?.name} - $${product.value?.price} USD`,
  ogTitle: () => product.value?.name,
  ogImage: () => product.value?.image,
  ogType: 'product'
})

// JSON-LD structured data
useHead({ script: [{ type: 'application/ld+json', innerHTML: computed(() => JSON.stringify({
  '@context': 'https://schema.org', '@type': 'Product',
  name: product.value?.name,
  offers: { '@type': 'Offer', priceCurrency: 'USD', price: product.value?.price }
}))}]})

async function handleAddToCart() {
  if (product.value) await addToCart(product.value.id, product.value.name)
}
</script>

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

6. 购物车模块

▶ 示例:cartStore + useCart

TYPESCRIPT
// stores/cart.ts
export const useCartStore = defineStore('cart', () => {
  const items = ref<CartItem[]>([])
  const totalItems = computed(() => items.value.reduce((s, i) => s + i.quantity, 0))
  const totalPrice = computed(() => items.value.reduce((s, i) => s + i.price * i.quantity, 0))

  async function addItem(productId: number) {
    const cart = await $fetch('/api/cart/add', { method: 'POST', body: { productId } })
    items.value = cart.items
  }
  async function removeItem(productId: number) {
    const cart = await $fetch('/api/cart/remove', { method: 'DELETE', body: { productId } })
    items.value = cart.items
  }
  async function fetchCart() {
    const cart = await $fetch('/api/cart')
    items.value = cart.items || []
  }

  return { items, totalItems, totalPrice, addItem, removeItem, fetchCart }
})

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

▶ 示例:购物车 API(带库存校验)

TYPESCRIPT
// server/api/cart/add.post.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const userId = event.context.user?.id
  const { productId, quantity = 1 } = await readBody(event)

  // Check stock
  const product = await prisma.product.findUnique({ where: { id: productId } })
  if (!product?.inStock) throw createError({ statusCode: 400, message: 'Product out of stock' })

  // Upsert cart item
  await prisma.cartItem.upsert({
    where: { userId_productId: { userId, productId } },
    update: { quantity: { increment: quantity } },
    create: { userId, productId, quantity }
  })

  const cart = await prisma.cartItem.findMany({
    where: { userId },
    include: { product: { select: { name: true, price: true, image: true } } }
  })

  const total = cart.reduce((s, i) => s + Number(i.product.price) * i.quantity, 0)
  return { items: cart, total }
})

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

7. 订单模块

▶ 示例:订单创建事务

TYPESCRIPT
// server/api/orders/index.post.ts
export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const userId = event.context.user?.id
  if (!userId) throw createError({ statusCode: 401, message: 'Login required' })

  const order = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
    // Get cart items
    const cartItems = await tx.cartItem.findMany({
      where: { userId },
      include: { product: true }
    })

    if (cartItems.length === 0) {
      throw createError({ statusCode: 400, message: 'Cart is empty' })
    }

    // Check stock for all items
    for (const item of cartItems) {
      if (!item.product.inStock) {
        throw createError({ statusCode: 400, message: `${item.product.name} out of stock` })
      }
    }

    // Calculate total
    const total = cartItems.reduce((sum, item) => sum + Number(item.product.price) * item.quantity, 0)

    // Create order with items
    const newOrder = await tx.order.create({
      data: {
        userId,
        total,
        status: 'PENDING',
        items: {
          create: cartItems.map(item => ({
            productId: item.productId,
            quantity: item.quantity,
            price: item.product.price
          }))
        }
      },
      include: { items: { include: { product: true } } }
    })

    // Clear cart
    await tx.cartItem.deleteMany({ where: { userId } })

    return newOrder
  })

  return { order, message: 'Order created' }
})

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

8. 国际化与性能

▶ 示例:nuxt.config.ts 完整生产配置

TYPESCRIPT
// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  ssr: true,

  modules: [
    '@pinia/nuxt',
    '@nuxtjs/tailwindcss',
    '@nuxtjs/i18n',
    '@nuxtjs/sitemap',
    '@nuxt/image',
    '~/modules/analytics'
  ],

  app: {
    head: {
      title: 'MegaShop',
      titleTemplate: '%s | MegaShop',
      meta: [
        { name: 'description', content: 'Over 1 million products shipped worldwide' }
      ]
    }
  },

  i18n: {
    locales: [
      { code: 'en', name: 'English', file: 'en.json', currency: 'USD' },
      { code: 'zh', name: '中文', file: 'zh.json', currency: 'CNY' },
      { code: 'ja', name: '日本語', file: 'ja.json', currency: 'JPY' }
    ],
    defaultLocale: 'en',
    lazy: true,
    langDir: 'locales/',
    strategy: 'prefix_except_default'
  },

  image: {
    quality: 80,
    format: ['webp', 'avif']
  },

  sitemap: {
    hostname: 'https://megashop.com',
    gzip: true
  },

  runtimeConfig: {
    databaseUrl: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
    redisUrl: process.env.REDIS_URL,
    jwtAccessSecret: process.env.JWT_ACCESS_SECRET,
    jwtRefreshSecret: process.env.JWT_REFRESH_SECRET,
    public: {
      apiBase: process.env.API_BASE || '/api',
      siteUrl: process.env.SITE_URL || 'https://megashop.com',
      stripePublishableKey: process.env.STRIPE_PUBLISHABLE_KEY
    }
  },

  routeRules: {
    '/': { prerender: true },
    '/about': { prerender: true },
    '/products': { swr: 3600 },
    '/products/**': { swr: 86400 },
    '/categories/**': { swr: 21600 },
    '/admin/**': { ssr: false },
    '/cart': { ssr: false },
    '/checkout': { ssr: false },
    '/profile/**': { ssr: false },
    '/api/**': { cors: true },
    '/_nuxt/**': { headers: { 'cache-control': 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable' } }
  },

  nitro: {
    preset: process.env.DEPLOY_TARGET || 'node-server',
    storage: {
      products: { driver: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 'redis' : 'memory' }
    }
  },

  components: [{ path: '~/components', pathPrefix: false }]
})

输出:

TEXT 📖 仅展示
// 执行成功

❓ 常见问题

Q 模块开发顺序重要吗?
A 非常重要。认证必须先做(其他模块依赖登录态),商品其次(购物车/订单依赖商品数据),最后做国际化(不影响核心功能)。
Q 每个模块大概要写多少代码?
A 认证模块 ~500 行、商品模块 ~800 行、购物车 ~400 行、订单 ~500 行、国际化 ~200 行。加上配置和测试,总计约 3000-4000 行。
Q 怎么保证模块之间的 API 契约?
A 用 TypeScript 接口定义 API 请求/响应类型,放在 shared/types.ts 中。前后端共享类型定义,编译时检查一致性。
Q 开发时 mock 数据怎么过渡到 Prisma?
A API 接口格式保持不变,只替换内部实现。从 mock 数组改为 prisma.findMany(),路由和响应格式不变。
Q Stripe 支付怎么测试?
A 用 Stripe 测试密钥 + 测试卡号(4242 4242 4242 4242)。永远不会真实扣款。上线前切换到生产密钥。
Q i18n 翻译什么时候做?
A 核心功能完成后再做 i18n。先写死英文文本,功能稳定后提取为翻译 key。过早 i18n 会增加开发复杂度。

📖 小节


📝 作业

  1. 基础题(难度⭐):实现认证模块(注册/登录/刷新令牌),验证 Cookie 正确设置
  2. 进阶题(难度⭐⭐):实现商品 CRUD + 购物车 + 结算的完整流程,端到端可运行
  3. 挑战题(难度⭐⭐⭐):完成 MegaShop 全部核心模块 + i18n + 性能优化,Lighthouse 评分 90+

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