Linux: テキストエディタ — nanoの基礎とvimの基本

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# 1. Press i to enter insert mode — start editing
# 2. After editing, press Esc to return to normal mode
# 3. Type :wq and press Enter — save and quit

nano filename
nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf   # When sudo is needed: sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

┌─────────────────────────────┐
│         Normal Mode          │ ← Default mode on startup, for movement and operations
│  Press i / a / o → Insert Mode   │
│  Press v / V → Visual Mode       │
│  Press : → Command-line Mode     │
└──────────────┬──────────────┘
               │
    ┌──────────┴──────────┐
    ↓                     ↓
┌──────────────┐   ┌──────────────┐
│  Insert Mode │   │  Visual Mode │
│              │   │              │
│  Press Esc → │   │  Press Esc → │
│  Back to Normal│   │  Back to Normal│
└──────────────┘   └──────────────┘

h       ← Move left one character
j       ↓ Move down one line
k       ↑ Move up one line
l       → Move right one character
w       Jump to the start of the next word
b       Jump to the start of the previous word
0       Jump to the beginning of the line
$       Jump to the end of the line
gg      Jump to the beginning of the file
G       Jump to the end of the file
:line_number    Jump to a specific line (e.g., :42 jumps to line 42)
Ctrl+F  Scroll down one page
Ctrl+B  Scroll up one page

i       Insert before cursor (enter insert mode)
a       Insert after cursor
o       Open a new line below and enter insert mode
O       Open a new line above and enter insert mode

x       Delete character under cursor
dd      Delete current line
dw      Delete a word
d$      Delete to end of line
yy      Copy current line (yank)
yw      Copy a word
p       Paste after cursor
P       Paste before cursor
u       Undo
Ctrl+R  Redo

# Search (normal mode)
/pattern      Search forward for pattern
?pattern      Search backward for pattern
n             Jump to next match
N             Jump to previous match

# Replace (command-line mode)
:%s/old/new/g          Replace all "old" with "new" in the entire file
:%s/old/new/gc         Replace all with confirmation for each match
:5,20s/old/new/g       Replace in lines 5-20

# Create and edit a file
nano hello.txt

# In nano:
# 1. Type "Hello Linux!"
# 2. Ctrl + O → press Enter to save
# 3. Ctrl + X → exit nano

# View file contents
cat hello.txt

# Open a file
vim practice.txt

# Practice sequence:
# 1. Press i → enter insert mode
# 2. Type "This is line 1" → press Enter
# 3. Type "This is line 2"
# 4. Press Esc → return to normal mode
# 5. Type :wq → press Enter to save and quit

# 1. Open a file with vim
vim practice.txt

# 2. yy to copy current line
# 3. p to paste below
# 4. Press p repeatedly to paste multiple times
# 5. 5yy to copy 5 lines
# 5p to paste 5 times

# 6. dd to delete current line
# 7. 3dd to delete 3 lines

vim config.txt

# Search for nginx
/nginx
n    # Next match
N    # Previous match

# Replace all "port" with "PORT"
:%s/port/PORT/g

# Replace with confirmation
:%s/port/PORT/gc
# Each match will prompt: y confirm / n skip / a all

cat > ~/.vimrc << 'EOF'
syntax on                          " Syntax highlighting
set number                         " Show line numbers
set tabstop=2                      " Tab width 2
set shiftwidth=2                   " Indent width 2
set expandtab                      " Use spaces instead of tabs
set autoindent                     " Auto indent
set cursorline                     " Highlight current line
set hlsearch                       " Highlight search results
set ignorecase                     " Case-insensitive search
set incsearch                      " Incremental search
EOF

# Open the Nginx default site configuration
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# Operation steps:
# 1. /server_name  Search for server_name
# 2. n Jump to next occurrence
# 3. i Enter insert mode, modify the domain
# 4. Esc Exit insert mode
# 5. /root  Search for root path
# 6. Modify the website root directory
# 7. :wq Save and quit
# 8. sudo nginx -t Test configuration
# 9. sudo systemctl reload nginx Reload configuration