C++: أساسيات الفئات والكائنات

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
};

int main() {
 Student s1 = {"Alice", 20, 92.5};
 // ❌ البنى لا يمكنها تضمين "السلوكيات" (مثل "قدّم نفسك")
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
public:
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
 
 void introduce() {
 std::cout << "My name is " << name << "，this year " << age << " years old。" << std::endl;
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1;
 s1.name = "Alice";
 s1.age = 20;
 s1.introduce(); // ✅ الفئات يمكنها تضمين "السلوكيات"
 return 0;
}

class ClassName {
public:
 // الأعضاء (الخصائص والسلوكيات)
};

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
public:
 // خصائص (متغيرات الأعضاء)
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;

 // سلوكيات (دوال الأعضاء)
 void introduce() {
 std::cout << "My name is " << name << "，this year " << age << " years old。" << std::endl;
 }
 
 void study() {
 std::cout << name << " is studying..." << std::endl;
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1;
 s1.name = "Alice";
 s1.age = 20;
 s1.score = 92.5;
 
 s1.introduce();
 s1.study();
 
 return 0;
}

My name is Alice，this year 20 years old。
Alice is studying...

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
private:
 std::string name; // عضو خاص
 int age;

public:
 //.Setter و getter عامان
 void setName(const std::string& n) {
 name = n;
 }
 
 std::string getName() {
 return name;
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1;
 // s1.name = "Alice"; // خطأ: name خاص
 s1.setName("Alice"); // صحيح: الوصول عبر دالة عامة
 std::cout << s1.getName() << std::endl;
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
private:
 std::string name;
 int age;
 
public:
 // باني
 Student(const std::string& n, int a) {
 name = n;
 age = a;
 std::cout << "Student Object created: " << name << std::endl;
 }
 
 void introduce() {
 std::cout << "My name is " << name << "，this year " << age << " years old。" << std::endl;
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1("Alice", 20); // صحيح: يُستدعى الباني تلقائياً عند إنشاء الكائن
 s1.introduce();
 
 return 0;
}

Student Object created: Alice
My name is Alice，this year 20 years old。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
private:
 std::string name;
 
public:
 // باني
 Student(const std::string& n) {
 name = n;
 std::cout << "Constructor: " << name << " created" << std::endl;
 }

 // مدمر
 ~Student() {
 std::cout << "Destructor: " << name << " destroyed" << std::endl;
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1("Alice"); // استدعاء الباني
 // عند انتهاء main()، يُدمر s1، ويُستدعى المدمر
 return 0;
}

Constructor: Alice created
Destructor: Alice destroyed

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Student {
private:
 std::string name;
 
public:
 void setName(const std::string& name) { // تحذير: اسم المعامل نفس اسم متغير العضو
 this->name = name; // صحيح: استخدم this-> للوصول إلى متغير العضو
 }

 std::string getName() {
 return this->name; // صحيح: يمكن حذف this-> (يُنصح بحذفه)
 }
};

int main() {
 Student s1;
 s1.setName("Alice");
 std::cout << s1.getName() << std::endl;
 return 0;
}

Alice

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

class BankAccount {
private:
 std::string owner;
 double balance;
 
public:
 // باني
 BankAccount(const std::string& o, double initialBalance) {
 owner = o;
 if (initialBalance >= 0) {
 balance = initialBalance;
 } else {
 balance = 0.0;
 std::cout << "⚠️ Initial balance cannot be negative, set to 0" << std::endl;
 }
 }

 // إيداع
 void deposit(double amount) {
 if (amount > 0) {
 balance += amount;
 std::cout << "Deposit successful! +" << amount << std::endl;
 } else {
 std::cout << "⚠️ Deposit amount must be greater than 0" << std::endl;
 }
 }

 // سحب
 void withdraw(double amount) {
 if (amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
 balance -= amount;
 std::cout << "Withdrawal successful! -" << amount << std::endl;
 } else if (amount <= 0) {
 std::cout << "⚠️ Withdrawal amount must be greater than 0" << std::endl;
 } else {
 std::cout << "⚠️ Insufficient balance" << std::endl;
 }
 }

 // استعلام الرصيد
 void queryBalance() {
 std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
 std::cout << "Account balance: " << balance << " yuan" << std::endl;
 }
};

int main() {
 BankAccount account("MOTO", 1000.0);
 
 account.queryBalance();
 account.deposit(500.0);
 account.queryBalance();
 account.withdraw(200.0);
 account.queryBalance();
 account.withdraw(2000.0); // رصيد غير كافٍ
 
 return 0;
}

Account balance: 1000.00 yuan
Deposit successful! +500.00
Account balance: 1500.00 yuan
Withdrawal successful! -200.00
Account balance: 1300.00 yuan
⚠️ Insufficient balance

Account balance: 1000.00 yuan
Deposit successful! +500.00
Account balance: 1500.00 yuan
Withdrawal successful! -200.00
Account balance: 1300.00 yuan
⚠️ Insufficient balance