C++: أساسيات البنى

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
 std::string name1 = "Alice";
 int age1 = 20;
 double score1 = 92.5;
 
 std::string name2 = "Bob";
 int age2 = 21;
 double score2 = 88.0;
 // ... ستحتاج إلى تعريف 3 × 100 متغير!
 
 return 0;
}

(program output)

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
};

int main() {
 Student s1 = {"Alice", 20, 92.5};
 Student s2 = {"Bob", 21, 88.0};
 // ... أنظف بكثير!
 
 return 0;
}

struct StructName {
 memberType1 memberName1;
 memberType2 memberName2;
 ...
};

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

// الإعلان عن بنية
struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
}; // ⚠️ ملاحظة: الفاصلة المنقوطة مطلوبة!

int main() {
 // ...
 return 0;
}

Student s1; // إنشاء متغير s1 من نوع Student

Student s1 = {"Alice", 20, 92.5};

Student s1 = {.name = "Alice", .age = 20, .score = 92.5};

Student s1;
s1.name = "Alice";
s1.age = 20;
s1.score = 92.5;

structName.memberName

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
};

int main() {
 Student s1 = {"Alice", 20, 92.5};
 
 std::cout << "Name: " << s1.name << std::endl; // Alice
 std::cout << "Age: " << s1.age << std::endl; // 20
 std::cout << "Score: " << s1.score << std::endl; // 92.5
 
 return 0;
}

Student s1 = {"Alice", 20, 92.5};
s1.score = 95.0; // تعديل الدرجة
std::cout << "New score: " << s1.score << std::endl; // 95.0

void printStudent(Student s) { // ❌ تمرير بالقيمة: ينسخ البنية بالكامل، مكلف
 std::cout << "Name: " << s.name << std::endl;
}

void printStudent(const Student& s) { // ✅ تمرير بالمرجع: لا نسخ، ولا يمكن التعديل
 std::cout << "Name: " << s.name << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Age: " << s.age << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Score: " << s.score << std::endl;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
};

int main() {
 Student students[3] = {
 {"Alice", 20, 92.5},
 {"Bob", 21, 88.0},
 {"Charlie", 19, 95.0}
 };
 
 // المرور على مصفوفة البنى
 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 std::cout << "========== Student " << i + 1 << " ==========" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Name: " << students[i].name << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Age: " << students[i].age << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Score: " << students[i].score << std::endl;
 std::cout << std::endl;
 }
 
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector> // سنتعلم vector لاحقاً، نستخدم المصفوفة حالياً

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
 double score;
};

// إعلان الدوال
void addStudent(Student students, int& count);
void printStudents(const Student students, int count);
double calculateAverage(const Student students, int count);

int main() {
 const int MAX_STUDENTS = 100;
 Student students[MAX_STUDENTS];
 int count = 0;
 
 int choice;
 do {
 std::cout << "========== Student Score Management ==========" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "1. Add student" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "2. Display all students" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "3. CalculateAverage" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "4. Exit" << std::endl;
 std::cout << "Please select (1-4): ";
 std::cin >> choice;
 
 if (choice == 1) {
 addStudent(students, count);
 } else if (choice == 2) {
 printStudents(students, count);
 } else if (choice == 3) {
 if (count == 0) {
 std::cout << "No student data!" << std::endl;
 } else {
 std::cout << "Average: " << calculateAverage(students, count) << std::endl;
 }
 } else if (choice == 4) {
 std::cout << "Goodbye!" << std::endl;
 } else {
 std::cout << "Error: Please enter 1-4 a number between 1-4!" << std::endl;
 }
 
 std::cout << std::endl;
 
 } while (choice != 4);
 
 return 0;
}

// تعريف الدوال
void addStudent(Student students, int& count) {
 if (count >= 100) {
 std::cout << "Maximum number of students reached!" << std::endl;
 return;
 }
 
 std::cout << "Please enter your name: ";
 std::cin.ignore();
 std::getline(std::cin, students[count].name);
 
 std::cout << "Please enter your age: ";
 std::cin >> students[count].age;
 
 std::cout << "Please enter score: ";
 std::cin >> students[count].score;
 
 count++;
 std::cout << "Added successfully!" << std::endl;
}

void printStudents(const Student students, int count) {
 if (count == 0) {
 std::cout << "No student data!" << std::endl;
 return;
 }
 
 std::cout << "\n========== Student List ==========" << std::endl;
 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 std::cout << i + 1 << ". Name: " << students[i].name 
 << "，Age: " << students[i].age 
 << "，Score: " << students[i].score << std::endl;
 }
 std::cout << "================================\n\n";
}

double calculateAverage(const Student students, int count) {
 if (count == 0) {
 return 0.0;
 }
 
 double sum = 0.0;
 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 sum += students[i].score;
 }
 
 return sum / count;
}

========== Student Score Management ==========
1. Add student
2. Display all students
3. CalculateAverage
4. Exit
Please select (1-4): 
No student data!
Average: 
Goodbye!
Error: Please enter 1-4 a number between 1-4!
Maximum number of students reached!
Please enter your name: 
Please enter your age: 
Please enter score: 
Added successfully!
No student data!

========== Student List ==========
. Name: 
==============================

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Student {
    std::string name;
    int age;
    double score;
};

// دالة تُرجع بنية
Student createStudent(std::string n, int a, double s) {
    Student stu;
    stu.name = n;
    stu.age = a;
    stu.score = s;
    return stu;
}

int main() {
    Student s1 = createStudent("Zhang San", 20, 92.5);
    
    std::cout << "Name: " << s1.name << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Age: " << s1.age << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Score: " << s1.score << std::endl;
    
    return 0;
}

Name: 
Age: 
Score: 

struct Student { // ❌ نسيت الفاصلة المنقوطة
 std::string name;
 int age;
 } // ❌ يجب أن تكون فاصلة منقوطة هنا

int main() {
 // ...
}

error: expected ';' after struct definition

struct Student {
 std::string name;
 int age;
};

int main() {
 Student s1;
 s1.score = 92.5; // ❌ خطأ: Student لا يملك عضو score
 return 0;
}