Python: الدوال الأساسية

# عرّف دالة
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")
    print("Welcome to Python!")

# استدعِ function
say_hello()
say_hello()      # يمكن استدعاؤها عدة مرات

Hello!
Welcome to Python!
Hello!
Welcome to Python!

def greet(name):
    """ألقِ التحية على شخص باسمه"""
    print(f"Hello, {name}! Welcome to Python.")

greet("Zhang San")     # Hello, Zhang San! Welcome to Python.
greet("Li Si")         # Hello, Li Si! Welcome to Python.

def introduce(name, age, city):
    print(f"My name is {name}, I'm {age} years old, from {city}.")

introduce("Zhang San", 25, "Beijing")
introduce("Li Si", 30, "Shanghai")

def create_user(name, age, is_admin):
    print(f"Creating user: {name}, Age: {age}, Admin: {is_admin}")

create_user("Zhang San", 25, False)    # تُطابَق حسب الترتيب
create_user(False, "Zhang San", 25)    # ترتيب خاطئ — غير متطابق!

def add(a, b):
    print(f"{a} + {b} = {a + b}")

def multiply(a, b):
    print(f"{a} * {b} = {a * b}")

add(5, 3)          # 5 + 3 = 8
multiply(5, 3)     # 5 * 3 = 15

# Function defined successfully

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(5, 3)
print(result)               # 8

# قيم return يمكن استخدامها مباشرة في التعبيرات
total = add(10, 20) + add(30, 40)
print(total)                # 100

def get_min_max(numbers):
    return min(numbers), max(numbers)

result = get_min_max([3, 1, 4, 1, 5])
print(result)               # (1, 5)

# فكّك النتيجة مباشرة
low, high = get_min_max([3, 1, 4, 1, 5])
print(f"Min: {low}, Max: {high}")

def check_age(age):
    if age < 0:
        return "Age cannot be negative!"    # إرجاع مبكر
    if age < 18:
        return "Minor"
    return "Adult"

print(check_age(-5))     # Age cannot be negative!
print(check_age(15))     # Minor
print(check_age(25))     # Adult

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c):
    """حوّل مئوي إلى فهرنهايت"""
    return c * 9 / 5 + 32

def fahrenheit_to_celsius(f):
    """حوّل فهرنهايت إلى مئوي"""
    return (f - 32) * 5 / 9

# اختبار
print(f"0°C = {celsius_to_fahrenheit(0):.1f}°F")      # 32.0°F
print(f"100°C = {celsius_to_fahrenheit(100):.1f}°F")   # 212.0°F
print(f"32°F = {fahrenheit_to_celsius(32):.1f}°C")     # 0.0°C
print(f"212°F = {fahrenheit_to_celsius(212):.1f}°C")   # 100.0°C

# Function defined successfully

def greet(name, greeting="Hello", punctuation="!"):
    return f"{greeting}, {name}{punctuation}"

print(greet("Alice"))
print(greet("Bob"))

print(greet("Charlie", greeting="Good morning"))
print(greet("Diana", greeting="Good night", punctuation="~"))

def build_profile(name, age, city="Unknown", hobby="coding"):
    return f"{name}, {age} years old, from {city}, likes {hobby}"

print(build_profile("Alice", 25))
print(build_profile("Bob", 30, city="Shanghai"))
print(build_profile("Charlie", 22, city="Beijing", hobby="painting"))

Hello, Alice!
Hello, Bob!
Good morning, Charlie!
Good night, Diana~
Alice, 25 years old, from Unknown, likes coding
Bob, 30 years old, from Shanghai, likes coding
Charlie, 22 years old, from Beijing, likes painting

def calculate_bmi(weight, height):
    """
    احسب مؤشر كتلة الجسم (BMI)

    المعاملات:
        weight (float): وزن الجسم بالكيلوغرام
        height (float): طول الجسم بالمتر

    تُرجع:
        float: قيمة BMI
    """
    return weight / (height ** 2)

# عرض سلسلة التوثيق
print(calculate_bmi.__doc__)
help(calculate_bmi)

def a():
    print("Entering a")
    b()
    print("Exiting a")

def b():
    print("Entering b")
    c()
    print("Exiting b")

def c():
    print("Entering c")
    print("Exiting c")

a()

Entering a
Entering b
Entering c
Exiting c
Exiting b
Exiting a